Eye Allergies – Causes & Symptoms
Also known as allergic conjunctivitis, an eye allergy occurs when the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the eye and the inside of the eyelid) becomes irritated. The immune system identifies a usually harmless substance as an allergen, causing your body to overreact with allergic symptoms. Unlike other types of conjunctivitis (pink eye), eye allergies are not contagious. If you suffer from eye allergies, here’s what to avoid and some ways to find relief from those annoying symptoms.
What are some common eye allergy symptoms?
People with eye allergies can have red, itchy, burning, gritty, swollen or watery eyes and/or a sensitivity to light. These symptoms can occur alone or with nasal allergy symptoms, such as an itchy, stuffy nose and sneezing. This is usually a temporary condition related to seasonal allergies.
What causes eye allergies?
The most common cause of eye allergies are seasonal allergens typically found outdoors, such as pollen and mold spores. Year-round eye allergies can also be caused by indoor allergens such as dust mites and pet dander. Other irritants like perfume, cosmetics, drugs and cigarette smoke can also be allergy triggers. Some people may be allergic to preservative chemicals in lubricating or medicated eye drops, and should use preservative-free drops instead.
Tips to avoid outdoor allergens:
- Avoid going outside during peak pollen times, usually mid-morning and early evening
- Keep windows closed and use air conditioning, both in your car and home
- Use high quality air filters thatcan trap allergens and replace filters regularly
- Wear sunglasses and a wide brimmed hat to reduce the amount of pollen getting in your eyes
- Apply saline eye drops after being outdoors to wash away allergens from your eyes
Tips to avoid indoor allergens:
- Use allergen-reducing bedsheets and a HEPA filter vacuum to minimize dust in your home
- Use a dehumidifier and aim to keep your home’s humidity level at 30 to 50 percent to reduce mold
- Try to keep pets out of your bedroom to reduce exposure to dander while you sleep
- Consider hardwood or tile floors over carpets, which trap the pet dander
What medications are there for eye allergies?
Over-the-counter medications for short-term treatment include artificial tears and decongestant eye drops. Prolonged use of the latter could worsen symptoms. Oral antihistamines are also available but are actually not very effective due to a blood/eye barrier and can dry the eyes and make symptoms worse.
If your allergy symptoms last longer, your doctor may prescribe stronger prescription eye drops or oral medications. This might include corticosteroid eye drops which should only be used with medical supervision due to serious potential side effects. Depending on the cause of your symptoms, immunotherapy can be an effective option for long-term treatment as well.
Knowing and avoiding the allergens which trigger your symptoms is the best thing you can do to experience relief or at least reduce your symptoms. While eye allergies can be annoying, they won’t harm your vision overall. Similar symptoms can be caused by infections and other serious conditions however, so it’s important to see your eye doctor if that is the case. Your doctor can confirm if you have an eye allergy with a comprehensive eye exam and provide you with your best treatment options.
Posted in Eye Health